‘An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. When there is a fistula in the brain, it is called an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). When a fistula occurs near the dura (the covering material of the brain), it is a dural arteriovenous fistula. Sometimes AVFs are present at birth (congenital) or develop after birth, and sometimes….’ …
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